{"id":6331,"date":"2018-09-28T13:04:42","date_gmt":"2018-09-28T12:04:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/backup.altanalaw.com\/?p=6331"},"modified":"2018-09-28T13:04:42","modified_gmt":"2018-09-28T12:04:42","slug":"application-de-la-loi-dans-le-temps-la-cour-de-cassation-retablit-les-frontieres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/backup.altanalaw.com\/en\/medias\/application-de-la-loi-dans-le-temps-la-cour-de-cassation-retablit-les-frontieres","title":{"rendered":"Enforcement of the law over time: The French Supreme Court reestablishes the boundaries"},"content":{"rendered":"

This publication is available in French only.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Pour la premi\u00e8re fois, la Cour de cassation s\u2019est prononc\u00e9e sur l\u2019application dans le temps de l\u2019ordonnance du 10 f\u00e9vrier 2016, consacrant le \u00ab\u00a0nouveau\u00a0\u00bb droit des contrats.<\/p>\n

Le 19 septembre 2018, la premi\u00e8re chambre civile a cass\u00e9 la d\u00e9cision d\u2019une juridiction de proximit\u00e9 qui avait appliqu\u00e9 le \u00ab\u00a0nouveau\u00a0\u00bb droit des contrats \u00e0 un contrat conclu ant\u00e9rieurement au 1er<\/sup> octobre 2016 (date d\u2019entr\u00e9e en vigueur de l\u2019ordonnance).<\/p>\n

En l\u2019esp\u00e8ce, le juge de proximit\u00e9 avait fait application de l\u2019article 1186 nouveau, relatif \u00e0 la caducit\u00e9, pour d\u00e9clarer caduc un contrat de maintenance (l\u2019acc\u00e8s au mat\u00e9riel \u00e0 entretenir ayant disparu, de sorte que l\u2019entretien devenait impossible).<\/p>\n

La Cour de cassation censure en ces termes\u00a0: \u00ab en faisant ainsi application de l\u2019article 1186 du Code civil dans sa r\u00e9daction issue de l\u2019ordonnance n\u00b0 2016-131 du 10 f\u00e9vrier 2016 \u00e0 un contrat dont il ressortait de des propres constatations qu\u2019il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 conclu avant le 1er<\/sup> octobre 2016, la juridiction de proximit\u00e9 a viol\u00e9 le texte susvis\u00e9 [l\u2019article 9 de l\u2019ordonnance, relatif aux dispositions transitoires]<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

L\u2019arr\u00eat est important.<\/p>\n

Il est aussi surprenant. En effet, la jurisprudence ant\u00e9rieure de la Cour de cassation appliquait fr\u00e9quemment le droit nouveau \u00e0 des contrats anciens, sous couvert d\u2019appliquer le droit ancien \u00ab\u00a0\u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re\u00a0\u00bb du droit nouveau, en invoquant les \u00ab\u00a0effets l\u00e9gaux\u00a0\u00bb du contrat ou encore les dispositions d\u2019ordre public (voir notamment Cass. civ. 1\u00e8re<\/sup>, 8 novembre 2017, n\u00b0 16-18859\u00a0; Cass. civ. 3e<\/sup>, 9 f\u00e9vrier 2017, n\u00b0 16-10350\u00a0; Cass. ch. mixte, 24 f\u00e9vrier 2017, n\u00b0 15-20411\u00a0; Cass. soc., 21 septembre 2017, n\u00b0 16-20103).<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision du 19 septembre para\u00eet contraire \u00e0 cette pratique, \u00e0 telle enseigne qu\u2019on pourrait croire la Cour de cassation inspir\u00e9e par la loi de ratification du 20 avril 2018, qui affirme que les contrats conclus avant le 1er<\/sup> octobre 2016 \u00e9chappent aux textes issus de l\u2019ordonnance, m\u00eame pour les effets l\u00e9gaux et l\u2019ordre public. En ce sens, on pourrait estimer que la Cour de cassation r\u00e9instaure une fronti\u00e8re \u00e9tanche entre les contrats ant\u00e9rieurs au 1er<\/sup> octobre 2016 et les contrats post\u00e9rieurs.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de la d\u00e9cision pourrait, \u00e0 l\u2019inverse, \u00eatre minimis\u00e9, si l\u2019on consid\u00e8re qu\u2019il ne s\u2019agit que de censurer une application frontale du droit nouveau \u00e0 un contrat ancien. Il n\u2019est en effet pas ici question d\u2019effets l\u00e9gaux, d\u2019ordre public ou d\u2019interpr\u00e9tation \u00ab\u00a0\u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re\u00a0\u00bb du droit nouveau. Le juge de proximit\u00e9 avait, violant directement le texte de l\u2019ordonnance, appliqu\u00e9 celle-ci \u00e0 un contrat ant\u00e9rieur. La censure \u00e9tait in\u00e9vitable, sauf pour la Cour de cassation \u00e0 op\u00e9rer une substitution de motifs et \u00e0 remplacer l\u2019article 1186 nouveau (sur la caducit\u00e9) par le visa de l\u2019article 1131 ancien (th\u00e9orie de la cause), qui servait de fondement \u00e0 la th\u00e9orie de la caducit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

La censure, quasi-disciplinaire, n\u2019est sans doute pas innocente. Reste \u00e0 voir ce que donneront les prochains arr\u00eats en la mati\u00e8re, notamment lorsque seront soumis \u00e0 la Cour des arr\u00eats d\u2019appel ayant appliqu\u00e9 le nouveau droit de mani\u00e8re indirecte. La question demeure \u00e9pineuse\u00a0! (sur ce point, on pourra consulter l\u2019article de J.-Ch. Roda, \u00ab\u00a0Loi de ratification du 20 avril 2018\u00a0: Aspects de droit transitoire\u00a0\u00bb, au sein du dossier sp\u00e9cial \u00ab\u00a0R\u00e9forme de la r\u00e9forme\u00a0\u00bb, sous la direction scientifique des professeurs Andreu et Thibierge, AJ Contrat<\/em> 2018, p. 303).<\/p>\n

Lien vers l\u2019arr\u00eat<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Avocat chez Altana,\u00a0Louis Thibierge<\/a>\u00a0est Agr\u00e9g\u00e9 des Facult\u00e9s de Droit, Professeur \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Aix-Marseille et\u00a0Membre du\u00a0Centre de Droit Economique de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Aix-Marseille<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This publication is available in French only. Pour la premi\u00e8re fois, la Cour de cassation s\u2019est prononc\u00e9e sur l\u2019application dans le temps de l\u2019ordonnance du 10 f\u00e9vrier 2016, consacrant le \u00ab\u00a0nouveau\u00a0\u00bb droit des contrats. Le 19 septembre 2018, la premi\u00e8re chambre civile a cass\u00e9 la d\u00e9cision d\u2019une juridiction de proximit\u00e9 qui avait appliqu\u00e9 le \u00ab\u00a0nouveau\u00a0\u00bb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[142],"class_list":["post-6331","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-medias","tag-droit-des-contrats","expertise-contentieux-affaires"],"yoast_head":"\nEnforcement of the law over time: The French Supreme Court reestablishes the boundaries - Advant Altana<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"[:fr]Application de la loi dans le temps\u00a0: la Cour de cassation r\u00e9tablit les fronti\u00e8res[:en]Enforcement of the law over time: The French Supreme Court reestablishes the boundaries [:] - Advant Altana\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This publication is available in French only. 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